Chapter One Evolution of American Educational Technology by Paul Saettler

• Chapter One Evolution of American Educational Technology by Paul Saettler

  • refer to art, craft or skill
  • Aristotle
  • the systematic use of knowledge for intelligent human action
  • "technology is any systematized practical knowledge, based on experimentation and/or scientific theory, which enhances the capacity of society to produce goods and services, and which is embodied in productive skills, organization, or machinery."
  • Bernard Gendron
  • Heinich, et al. defined instructional technology "as the application of our scientific knowledge about human learning to the practical tasks of teaching and learning."
  • 1. Physical Science or Media Approach to Educational Technology
  • 2. Audiovisual Communications: A Synthesis of Communications and Systems Concepts
  • 3. Behavioral Sciences Approach to Educational Technology
  • This approach has lead to two different instructional approaches in ET: the behaviorist concept and the cognitive concept.
  • 4. The Cognitive Concept of Educational Technology
  • * Attempts to understand the internal processes of behavior and emphasizes knowing rather than responding.
    * Views the learner not as passive but as active, constructive, and playful.
    * Learner becomes an active participant in the process of acquiring and using knowledge.
  • * The organization, processing, and storage of information by the learner constitute vital elements in instructional development.
  • * ET should focus on activating the appropriate learning strategies during the instructional process.

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